Yes, this is a very biq question and a difficult one. It is basically the same question as "If there is a good God, why to bad things happen to good people, with the added conundrum of how God answers prayer.
There is no conclusive answer. But it seems to me that there's a lot that does not show up in this story -- perhaps things this woman does not remember happening. God doesn't always answer prayer directly the way we expect. He may lead us a roundabout way, the way He led the children of Israel in the wilderness for 40 years, instead of leading them straight into Canaan. Although most of the people asked to die in the wilderness, it is likely that many repented sincerely. Yet God did not seem to answer their prayers.
In this case, I'm thinking that a genuinely Christian counselor can probably help this woman. Her childhood feelings of condemnation probably have a history over which she has no control. She needs help in dealing with that history.
One thing is utterly certain -- and that is that God did not exclude a little girl from his care because she had done something "bad." Even if she had done something seriously bad (and I doubt that was the case here), God forgives. He forgave David who committed adultery with Bathsheba and murdered her husband. He forgave King Manasseh who made the streets of Jersualem flow with the blood of God's people.
It is very likely that her understanding of salvation as a child was very faulty, and she believed that she would be saved if she could only be good enough. So she pleaded with God to help her overcome her bad habits. If she has succeeded, perhaps she might have turned into one of those self-righteous "Christians" whom even the Spirit of God cannot reach.
We are not saved because we are good. We are saved because God is good. We are utterly sinful from the inside out. There is no remedy -- nothing we can possibly do to make ourselves good enough to save. Our only hope is to throw ourselves upon Christ's mercy. He only can and will save us. When we have done that -- confessed our sins to Him and committed our sins to Him, we must believe that He will do for us what He has promised. We have no other choice, because we're lost without him.
We do good because we are saved through Jesus Christ. The natural response of a saved heart is to want to serve Jesus as best we know how. We will continue to make mistakes, but Christ accepts our faulty service oh so gladly. As we continue to focus on Him and His love and trust Him with our day-to-day needs, we grow more and more like Him.
I learned early in life (my teens) that self-consciousness, shyness and self-condemnation are simply another form of self-centeredness. Only as we look away from self and to Jesus can He do anything for us. In faith, we need to leave our salvation to Him and reach out to others who need our help. We can always find someone worth off than ourselves to love.
Blessings,
Inga
P.S. Bad stuff happens to good people in this world because Satan is the "prince of this world" (which Christ acknowledged), and as long as we're still here, it will continue to happen. Yes, God intervenes somtimes, but He can't do it most of the time because that would spoil the demonstration of the effects of sin, and people would serve Him for the earthly rewards rather than for His character of love.